Emissivity table introductory comment
Understanding an object's emissivity, or its characteristic "radiance" is a critical component in the proper handling of infrared measurements. Concisely, emissivity is the ratio of radiation emitted by a surface or blackbody and its theoretical radiation predicted from Planck's law. [W(L,T)=C1/(L^5*(exp(C2/LT)-1)] A material's surface emissivity is measured by the amount of energy emitted when the surface is directly observed. There are many variables that affect a specific object's emissivity, such as the wavelength of interest, field of view, the geometric shape of the blackbody, and temperature. However, for the purposes and applications of the infrared thermometer user, a comprehensive table showing the emissivity at corresponding temperatures of various surfaces and objects is displayed. For more detailed and technical presentation of emissivity, please contact ZyTemp directly.

NonMetal

Material(Non-Metals)			Temp degF(degC)	Emissivity
Adobe			68 (20)	0.9
Asbestos
ˇˇ		Board	100 (38)	0.96
ˇˇ		Cement	32-392 (0-200)	0.96
ˇˇ		Cement, Red	2500 (1371)	0.67
ˇˇ		Cement, White	2500 (1371)	0.65
ˇˇ		Cloth	199 (93)	0.9
ˇˇ		Paper	100-700 (38-371)	0.93
ˇˇ		Slate	68 (20)	0.97
ˇˇ		Asphalt, pavement	100 (38)	0.93
ˇˇ		Asphalt, tar paper	68 (20)	0.93
Basalt			68 (20)	0.72
Brick
ˇˇ	Red, rough		70 (21)	0.93
ˇˇ	Gault Cream		2500-5000 (1371-2760)	.26-.30
ˇˇ	Fire Clay		2500 (1371)	0.75
ˇˇ	Light Buff		1000 (538)	0.8
ˇˇ	Lime Clay		2500 (1371)	0.43
ˇˇ	Fire Brick		1832 (1000)	.75-.80
ˇˇ	Magnesite, Refractory		1832 (1000)	0.38
ˇˇ	Grey Brick		2012 (1100)	0.75
ˇˇ	Silica, Glazed		2000 (1093)	0.88
ˇˇ	Silica, Unglazed		2000 (1093)	0.8
ˇˇ	Sandlime		2500-5000 (1371-2760)	.59-.63
Carborundum			1850 (1010)	0.92
Ceramic
ˇˇ	Alumina on Inconel		800-2000 (427-1093)	.69-.45
ˇˇ	Earthenware, Glazed		70 (21)	0.9
ˇˇ	Earthenware, Matte		70 (21)	0.93
ˇˇ	Greens No. 5210-2C		200-750 (93-399)	.89-.82
ˇˇ	Coating No. C20A		200-750 (93-399)	.73-.67
ˇˇ	Porcelain		72 (22)	0.92
ˇˇ	White Al2O3		200 (93)	0.9
ˇˇ	Zirconia on Inconel		800-2000 (427-1093)	.62-.45
Clay			68 (20)	0.39
ˇˇ	Fired		158 (70)	0.91
ˇˇ	Shale		68 (20)	0.69
ˇˇ	Tiles, Light Red		2500-5000 (1371-2760)	.32-.34
ˇˇ	Tiles, Red		2500-5000 (1371-2760)	.40-.51
ˇˇ	Tiles,Dark Purple		2500-5000 (1371-2760)	0.78
Concrete
ˇˇ	Rough		32-2000 (0-1093)	0.94
ˇˇ	Tiles, Natural		2500-5000 (1371-2760)	.63-.62
ˇˇ	Brown		2500-5000 (1371-2760)	.87-.83
ˇˇ	Black		2500-5000 (1371-2760)	.94-.91
Cotton Cloth			68 (20)	0.77
Dolomite Lime			68 (20)	0.41
Emery Corundum			176 (80)	0.86
Glass
ˇˇ	Convex D		212 (100)	0.8
ˇˇ	Convex D		600 (316)	0.8
ˇˇ	Convex D		932 (500)	0.76
ˇˇ	Nonex		212 (100)	0.82
ˇˇ	Nonex		600 (316)	0.82
ˇˇ	Nonex		932 (500)	0.78
ˇˇ	Smooth		32-200(0-93)	.92-.94
Granite			70 (21)	0.45
Gravel			100 (38)	0.28
Gypsum			68 (20)	.80-.90
Ice, Smooth			32 (0)	0.97
Ice, Rough			32 (0)	0.98
Lacquer
ˇˇ	Black		200 (93)	0.96
ˇˇ	Blue, on Al Foil		100 (38)	0.78
ˇˇ	Clear, on Al Foil (2 coats)		200 (93)	.08-.09
ˇˇ	Clear, on Bright Cu		200 (93)	0.66
ˇˇ	Clear, on Tarnished Cu		200 (93)	0.64
ˇˇ	Red, on Al Foil (2 coats)		100 (38)	.60-.74
ˇˇ	White		200 (93)	0.95
ˇˇ	White, on Al Foil (2 coats)		100 (38)	.69-.88
ˇˇ	Yellow, on Al Foil (2 coats)		100 (38)	.57-.79
Lime Mortar			100-500 (38-260)	.90-.92
Limestone			100 (38)	0.95
Marble, White			100 (38)	0.95
ˇˇ	Smooth, White		100 (38)	0.56
ˇˇ	Polished Grey		100 (38)	0.75
Mica			100 (38)	0.75
Oil on Nickel
ˇˇ	0.001 Film		72 (22)	0.27
ˇˇ	0.002 "		72 (22)	0.46
ˇˇ	0.005 "		72 (22)	0.72
ˇˇ	Thick "		72 (22)	0.82
Oil, Linseed
ˇˇ	On Al Foil, uncoated		250 (121)	0.09
ˇˇ	On Al Foil, 1 coat		250 (121)	0.56
ˇˇ	On Al Foil, 2 coats		250 (121)	0.51
ˇˇ	On Polished Iron, .001 Film		100 (38)	0.22
ˇˇ	On Polished Iron, .002 Film		100 (38)	0.45
ˇˇ	On Polished Iron, .004 Film		100 (38)	0.65
ˇˇ	On Polished Iron, Thick Film		100 (38)	0.83
Paints
ˇˇ	Blue, Cu2O3		75 (24)	0.94
ˇˇ	Black, CuO		75 (24)	0.96
ˇˇ	Green, Cu2O3		75 (24)	0.92
ˇˇ	Red, Fe2O3		75 (24)	0.91
ˇˇ	White, Al2O3		75 (24)	0.94
ˇˇ	White, Y2O3		75 (24)	0.9
ˇˇ	White, ZnO		75 (24)	0.95
ˇˇ	White, MgCO3		75 (24)	0.91
ˇˇ	White, ZrO2		75 (24)	0.95
ˇˇ	White, ThO2		75 (24)	0.9
ˇˇ	White, MgO		75 (24)	0.91
ˇˇ	White, PbCO3		75 (24)	0.93
ˇˇ	Yellow, PbO		75 (24)	0.9
ˇˇ	Yellow, PbCrO4		75 (24)	0.93
Paints, Aluminium			100 (38)	.27-.67
ˇˇ	10% Al		100 (38)	0.52
ˇˇ	26% Al		100 (38)	0.3
ˇˇ	Dow XP-310		200 (93)	0.22
Paints, Bronze			Low	.34-.80
ˇˇ	Gum Varnish (2 coats)		70 (21)	0.53
ˇˇ	Gum Varnish (3 coats)		70 (21)	0.5
ˇˇ	Cellulose Binder (2 coats)		70 (21)	0.34
Paints, Oil
ˇˇ	All colours		200 (93)	.92-.96
ˇˇ	Black		200 (93)	0.92
ˇˇ	Black Gloss		70 (21)	0.9
ˇˇ	Camouflage Green		125 (52)	0.85
ˇˇ	Flat Black		80 (27)	0.88
ˇˇ	Flat White		80 (27)	0.91
ˇˇ	Grey-Green		70 (21)	0.95
ˇˇ	Green		200 (93)	0.95
ˇˇ	Lamp Black		209 (98)	0.96
ˇˇ	Red		200 (93)	0.95
ˇˇ	White		200 (93)	0.94
Quartz, Rough, Fused			70 (21)	0.93
ˇˇ	Glass, 1.98 mm		540 (282)	0.9
ˇˇ	Glass, 1.98 mm		1540 (838)	0.41
ˇˇ	Glass, 6.88 mm		540 (282)	0.93
ˇˇ	Glass, 6.88 mm		1540 (838)	0.47
ˇˇ	Opaque		570 (299)	0.92
ˇˇ	Opaque		1540 (838)	0.68
Red Lead			212 (100)	0.93
Rubber, Hard			74 (23)	0.94
Rubber, Soft, Grey			76 (24)	0.86
Sand			68 (20)	0.76
Sandstone			100 (38)	0.67
Sandstone, Red			100 (38)	.60-.83
Sawdust			68 (20)	0.75
Shale			68 (20)	0.69
Silica,Glazed			1832 (1000)	0.85
Silica, Unglazed			2012 (1100)	0.75
Silicon Carbide			300-1200 (149-649)	.83-.96
Silk Cloth			68 (20)	0.78
Slate			100 (38)	.67-.80
Snow, Fine Particles			20 (-7)	0.82
Snow, Granular			18 (-8)	0.89
Soil
ˇˇ	Surface		100 (38)	0.38
ˇˇ	Black Loam		68 (20)	0.66
ˇˇ	Plowed Field		68 (20)	0.38
Soot
ˇˇ	Acetylene		75 (24)	0.97
ˇˇ	Camphor		75 (24)	0.94
ˇˇ	Candle		250 (121)	0.95
ˇˇ	Coal		68 (20)	0.95
Stonework			100 (38)	0.93
Water			100 (38)	0.67
Waterglass			68 (20)	0.96
Wood			Low	.80-.90
Beech Planed			158 (70)	0.94
Oak, Planed			100 (38)	0.91
Spruce, Sanded			100 (38)	0.89

Ems Histogram of NonMetal

Metal

Material(metal)			Temp degF (degC)	Emissivity
Alloys
ˇˇ		20-Ni, 24-CR, 55-FE, Oxid.	392 (200)	0.9
ˇˇ		20-Ni, 24-CR, 55-FE, Oxid.	932(500)	0.97
ˇˇ		60-Ni, 12-CR, 28-FE, Oxid.	518 (270)	0.89
ˇˇ		60-Ni, 12-CR, 28-FE, Oxid.	1040 (560)	0.82
ˇˇ		80-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidised	212 (100)	0.87
ˇˇ		80-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidised	1112 (600)	0.87
ˇˇ		80-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidised	2372 (1300)	0.89
Aluminium
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		77 (25)	0.02
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		212 (100)	0.03
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		932 (500)	0.06
ˇˇ	Oxidised		390 (199)	0.11
ˇˇ	Oxidised		1110 (599)	0.19
ˇˇ	Oxidised at 599degC(1110degF)		390 (199)	0.11
ˇˇ	Oxidised at 599degC(1110degF)		1110 (599)	0.19
ˇˇ	Heavily Oxidised		200 (93)	0.2
ˇˇ	Heavily Oxidised		940 (504)	0.31
ˇˇ	Highly Polished		212 (100)	0.09
ˇˇ	Roughly Polished		212 (100)	0.18
ˇˇ	Commercial Sheet		212 (100)	0.09
ˇˇ	Highly Polished Plate		440 (227)	0.04
ˇˇ	Highly Polished Plate		1070 (577)	0.06
ˇˇ	Bright Rolled Plate		338 (170)	0.04
ˇˇ	Bright Rolled Plate		932 (500)	0.05
ˇˇ	Alloy A3003, Oxidised		600 (316)	0.4
ˇˇ	Alloy A3003, Oxidised		900 (482)	0.4
ˇˇ	Alloy 1100-0		200-800 (93-427)	0.05
ˇˇ	Alloy 24ST		75 (24)	0.09
ˇˇ	Alloy 24ST, Polished		75 (24)	0.09
ˇˇ	Alloy 75ST		75 (24)	0.11
ˇˇ	Alloy 75ST, Polished		75 (24)	0.08
Bismuth, Bright			176 (80)	0.34
Bismuth, Unoxidised			77 (25)	0.05
Bismuth, Unoxidised			212 (100)	0.06
Brass
ˇˇ	73% Cu, 27% Zn, Polished		476 (247)	0.03
ˇˇ	73% Cu, 27% Zn, Polished		674 (357)	0.03
ˇˇ	62% Cu, 37% Zn, Polished		494 (257)	0.03
ˇˇ	62% Cu, 37% Zn, Polished		710 (377)	0.04
ˇˇ	83% Cu, 17% Zn, Polished		530 (277)	0.03
ˇˇ	Matte		68 (20)	0.07
ˇˇ	Burnished to Brown Colour		68 (20)	0.4
ˇˇ	Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidised		392 (200)	0.61
ˇˇ	Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidised		752 (400)	0.6
ˇˇ	Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidised		1112 (600)	0.61
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		77 (25)	0.04
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		212 (100)	0.04
ˇˇ	Cadmium		77 (25)	0.02
Carbon
ˇˇ	Lampblack		77 (25)	0.95
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		77 (25)	0.81
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		212 (100)	0.81
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		932 (500)	0.79
ˇˇ	Candle Soot		250 (121)	0.95
ˇˇ	Filament		500 (260)	0.95
ˇˇ	Graphitized		212 (100)	0.76
ˇˇ	Graphitized		572 (300)	0.75
ˇˇ	Graphitized		932 (500)	0.71
Chromium			100 (38)	0.08
Chromium			1000 (538)	0.26
Chromium, Polished			302 (150)	0.06
Cobalt, Unoxidised			932 (500)	0.13
Cobalt, Unoxidised			1832 (1000)	0.23
Columbium, Unoxidised			1500 (816)	0.19
Columbium, Unoxidised			2000 (1093)	0.24
Copper
ˇˇ	Cuprous Oxide		100 (38)	0.87
ˇˇ	Cuprous Oxide		500 (260)	0.83
ˇˇ	Cuprous Oxide		1000 (538)	0.77
ˇˇ	Black, Oxidised		100 (38)	0.78
ˇˇ	Etched		100 (38)	0.09
ˇˇ	Matte		100 (38)	0.22
ˇˇ	Roughly Polished		100 (38)	0.07
ˇˇ	Polished		100 (38)	0.03
ˇˇ	Highly Polished		100 (38)	0.02
ˇˇ	Rolled		100 (38)	0.64
ˇˇ	Rough		100 (38)	0.74
ˇˇ	Molten		1000 (538)	0.15
ˇˇ	Molten		1970 (1077)	0.16
ˇˇ	Molten		2230 (1221)	0.13
ˇˇ	Nickel Plated		100-500 (38-260)	0.37
Dow Metal			0.4-600 (-18-316)	0.15
Gold
ˇˇ	Enamel		212 (100)	0.37
ˇˇ	Plate (.0001)		ˇˇ	ˇˇ
ˇˇ	Plate on .0005 Silver		200-750 (93-399)	.11-.14
ˇˇ	Plate on .0005 Nickel		200-750 (93-399)	.07-.09
ˇˇ	Polished		100-500 (38-260)	0.02
ˇˇ	Polished		1000-2000 (538-1093)	0.03
Haynes Alloy C,
ˇˇ	Oxidised		600-2000 (316-1093)	.90-.96
Haynes Alloy 25,
ˇˇ	Oxidised		600-2000 (316-1093)	.86-.89
Haynes Alloy X,
ˇˇ	Oxidised		600-2000 (316-1093)	.85-.88
Inconel Sheet			1000 (538)	0.28
Inconel Sheet			1200 (649)	0.42
Inconel Sheet			1400 (760)	0.58
Inconel X, Polished			75 (24)	0.19
Inconel B, Polished			75 (24)	0.21
Iron
ˇˇ	Oxidised		212 (100)	0.74
ˇˇ	Oxidised		930 (499)	0.84
ˇˇ	Oxidised		2190 (1199)	0.89
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		212 (100)	0.05
ˇˇ	Red Rust		77 (25)	0.7
ˇˇ	Rusted		77 (25)	0.65
ˇˇ	Liquid		2760-3220 (1516-1771)	.42-.45
Cast Iron
ˇˇ	Oxidised		390 (199)	0.64
ˇˇ	Oxidised		1110 (599)	0.78
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		212 (100)	0.21
ˇˇ	Strong Oxidation		40 (104)	0.95
ˇˇ	Strong Oxidation		482 (250)	0.95
ˇˇ	Liquid		2795 (1535)	0.29
Wrought Iron
ˇˇ	Dull		77 (25)	0.94
ˇˇ	Dull		660 (349)	0.94
ˇˇ	Smooth		100 (38)	0.35
ˇˇ	Polished		100 (38)	0.28
Lead
ˇˇ	Polished		100-500 (38-260)	.06-.08
ˇˇ	Rough		100 (38)	0.43
ˇˇ	Oxidised		100 (38)	0.43
ˇˇ	Oxidised at 1100		100 (38)	0.63
ˇˇ	Gray Oxidised		100 (38)	0.28
Magnesium			100-500 (38-260)	.07-.13
Magnesium Oxide			1880-3140 (1027-1727)	.16-.20
Mercury			32 (0)	0.09
Mercury			77 (25)	0.1
Mercury			100 (38)	0.1
Mercury			212 (100)	0.12
Molybdenum			100 (38)	0.06
Molybdenum			500 (260)	0.08
Molybdenum			1000 (538)	0.11
Molybdenum			2000 (1093)	0.18
Molybdenum Oxidised at 1000degF			600 (316)	0.8
Molybdenum Oxidised at 1000degF			700 (371)	0.84
Molybdenum Oxidised at 1000degF			800 (427)	0.84
Molybdenum Oxidised at 1000degF			900 (482)	0.83
Molybdenum Oxidised at 1000degF			1000 (538)	0.82
Monel, Ni-Cu			392 (200)	0.41
Monel, Ni-Cu			752 (400)	0.44
Monel, Ni-Cu			1112 (600)	0.46
Monel, Ni-Cu Oxidised			68 (20)	0.43
Monel, Ni-Cu Oxid. at 1110degF			1110 (599)	0.46
Nickel
ˇˇ	Polished		100 (38)	0.05
ˇˇ	Oxidised		100-500 (38-260)	.31-.46
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		77 (25)	0.05
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		212 (100)	0.06
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		932 (500)	0.12
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		1832 (1000)	0.19
ˇˇ	Electrolytic		100 (38)	0.04
ˇˇ	Electrolytic		500 (260)	0.06
ˇˇ	Electrolytic		1000 (538)	0.1
ˇˇ	Electrolytic		2000 (1093)	0.16
Nickel Oxide			1000-2000 (538-1093)	.59-.86
Palladium Plate (.00005 on .0005 silver)			200-750 (93-399)	.16-.17
Platinum			100 (38)	0.05
Platinum			500 (260)	0.05
Platinum			1000 (538)	0.1
Platinum, Black			100 (38)	0.93
Platinum, Black			500 (260)	0.96
Platinum, Black			2000 (1093)	0.97
Platinum Oxidised at 1100			500 (260)	0.07
Platinum Oxidised at 1100			1000 (538)	0.11
Rhodium Flash (0.0002 on 0.0005 Ni)			200-700 (93-371)	.10-.18
Silver
ˇˇ	Plate (0.0005 on Ni)		200-700 (93-371)	.06-.07
ˇˇ	Polished		100 (38)	0.01
ˇˇ	Polished		500 (260)	0.02
ˇˇ	Polished		1000 (538)	0.03
ˇˇ	Polished		2000 (1093)	0.03
Steel
ˇˇ	Cold Rolled		200 (93)	.75-.85
ˇˇ	Ground Sheet		1720-2010 (938-1099)	.55-.61
ˇˇ	Polished Sheet		100 (38)	0.07
ˇˇ	Polished Sheet		500 (260)	0.1
ˇˇ	Polished Sheet		1000 (538)	0.14
ˇˇ	Mild Steel, Polished		75 (24)	0.1
ˇˇ	Mild Steel, Smooth		75 (24)	0.12
ˇˇ	Mild Steel,liquid		2910-3270 (1599-1793)	0.28
ˇˇ	Steel, Unoxidised		212 (100)	0.08
ˇˇ	Steel, Oxidised		77 (25)	0.8
Steel Alloys
ˇˇ	Type 301, Polished		75 (24)	0.27
ˇˇ	Type 301, Polished		450 (232)	0.57
ˇˇ	Type 301, Polished		1740 (949)	0.55
ˇˇ	Type 303, Oxidised		600-2000 (316-1093)	.74-.87
ˇˇ	Type 310, Rolled		1500-2100 (816-1149)	.56-.81
ˇˇ	Type 316, Polished		75 (24)	0.28
ˇˇ	Type 316, Polished		450 (232)	0.57
ˇˇ	Type 316, Polished		1740 (949)	0.66
ˇˇ	Type 321		200-800 (93-427)	.27-.32
ˇˇ	Type 321 Polished		300-1500 (149-815)	.18-.49
ˇˇ	Type 321 w/BK Oxide		200-800 (93-427)	.66-.76
ˇˇ	Type 347, Oxidised		600-2000 (316-1093)	.87-.91
ˇˇ	Type 350		200-800 (93-427)	.18-.27
ˇˇ	Type 350 Polished		300-1800 (149-982)	.11-.35
ˇˇ	Type 446, Polished		300-1500 (149-815)	.15-.37
ˇˇ	Type 17-7 PH		200-600 (93-316)	.44-.51
ˇˇ	Type 17-7 PH Polished		300-1500 (149-815)	.09-.16
ˇˇ	Type C1020,Oxidised		600-2000 (316-1093)	.87-.91
ˇˇ	Type PH-15-7 MO		300-1200 (149-649)	.07-.19
Stellite, Polished			68 (20)	0.18
Tantalum, Unoxidised			1340 (727)	0.14
Tantalum, Unoxidised			2000 (1093)	0.19
Tantalum, Unoxidised			3600 (1982)	0.26
Tantalum, Unoxidised			5306 (2930)	0.3
Tin, Unoxidised			77 (25)	0.04
Tin, Unoxidised			212 (100)	0.05
Tinned Iron, Bright			76 (24)	0.05
Tinned Iron, Bright			212 (100)	0.08
Titanium
ˇˇ	Alloy C110M,Polished		300-1200 (149-649)	.08-.19
ˇˇ	Oxidised at 538degC(1000degF)		200-800 (93-427)	.51-.61
ˇˇ	Alloy Ti-95A,Oxidised at 538degC(1000degF)		200-800 (93-427)	.35-.48
ˇˇ	Anodized onto SS		200-600 (93-316)	.96-.82
Tungsten
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		77 (25)	0.02
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		212 (100)	0.03
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		932 (500)	0.07
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		1832 (1000)	0.15
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		2732 (1500)	0.23
ˇˇ	Unoxidised		3632 (2000)	0.28
ˇˇ	Filament (Aged)		100 (38)	0.03
ˇˇ	Filament (Aged)		1000 (538)	0.11
ˇˇ	Filament (Aged)		5000 (2760)	0.35
Uranium Oxide			1880 (1027)	0.79
Zinc
ˇˇ	Bright, Galvanised		100 (38)	0.23
ˇˇ	Commercial 99.1%		500 (260)	0.05
ˇˇ	Galvanised		100 (38)	0.28
ˇˇ	Oxidised		500-1000 (260-538)	0.11
ˇˇ	Polished		100 (38)	0.02
ˇˇ	Polished		500 (260)	0.03
ˇˇ	Polished		1000 (538)	0.04
ˇˇ	Polished		2000 (1093)	0.06

Ems Histogram of Metal