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Emissivity
How to Get the Accurate Reading
Infrared History
Thermometry History
 

Infrared Emissivity
   
NonMetal
Ems Histogram of NonMetal
   
Metal
Ems Histogram of Metal
1 Emissivity table introductory comment

Understanding an object's emissivity, or its characteristic "radiance" is a critical component in the proper handling of infrared measurements. Concisely, emissivity is the ratio of radiation emitted by a surface or blackbody and its theoretical radiation predicted from Planck's law. [W(L,T)=C1/(L^5*(exp(C2/LT)-1)] A material's surface emissivity is measured by the amount of energy emitted when the surface is directly observed. There are many variables that affect a specific object's emissivity, such as the wavelength of interest, field of view, the geometric shape of the blackbody, and temperature. However, for the purposes and applications of the infrared thermometer user, a comprehensive table showing the emissivity at corresponding temperatures of various surfaces and objects is displayed. For a more detailed and technical presentation of emissitivty, please contact ZyTemp directly.
Material (Non Metal)  
Material(Non-Metals) Temp degF(degC) Emissivity

Adobe

68 (20)

0.9

Asbestos

ˇˇ

Board

100 (38)

0.96

ˇˇ

Cement

32-392 (0-200)

0.96

ˇˇ

Cement, Red

2500 (1371)

0.67

ˇˇ

Cement, White

2500 (1371)

0.65

ˇˇ

Cloth

199 (93)

0.9

ˇˇ

Paper

100-700 (38-371)

0.93

ˇˇ

Slate

68 (20)

0.97

ˇˇ

Asphalt, pavement

100 (38)

0.93

ˇˇ

Asphalt, tar paper

68 (20)

0.93

Basalt

68 (20)

0.72

Brick

ˇˇ

Red, rough

70 (21)

0.93

ˇˇ

Gault Cream

2500-5000 (1371-2760)

 .26-.30

ˇˇ

Fire Clay

2500 (1371)

0.75

ˇˇ

Light Buff

1000 (538)

0.8

ˇˇ

Lime Clay

2500 (1371)

0.43

ˇˇ

Fire Brick

1832 (1000)

 .75-.80

ˇˇ

Magnesite, Refractory

1832 (1000)

0.38

ˇˇ

Grey Brick

2012 (1100)

0.75

ˇˇ

Silica, Glazed

2000 (1093)

0.88

ˇˇ

Silica, Unglazed

2000 (1093)

0.8

ˇˇ

Sandlime

2500-5000 (1371-2760)

.59-.63

Carborundum

1850 (1010)

0.92

Ceramic

ˇˇ

Alumina on Inconel

800-2000 (427-1093)

.69-.45

ˇˇ

Earthenware, Glazed

70 (21)

0.9

ˇˇ

Earthenware, Matte

70 (21)

0.93

ˇˇ

Greens No. 5210-2C

 200-750 (93-399)

.89-.82

ˇˇ

Coating No. C20A 

200-750 (93-399)

.73-.67

ˇˇ

Porcelain

72 (22)

0.92

ˇˇ

White Al2O3

200 (93)

0.9

ˇˇ

Zirconia on Inconel

800-2000 (427-1093)

.62-.45

Clay

68 (20)

0.39

ˇˇ

Fired

158 (70)

0.91

ˇˇ

Shale

 68 (20)

0.69

ˇˇ

Tiles, Light Red

 2500-5000 (1371-2760)

.32-.34

ˇˇ

Tiles, Red

2500-5000 (1371-2760)

.40-.51

ˇˇ

Tiles,Dark Purple

2500-5000 (1371-2760)

0.78

Concrete

ˇˇ

Rough

32-2000 (0-1093)

0.94

ˇˇ

Tiles, Natural

2500-5000 (1371-2760)

 .63-.62

ˇˇ

Brown

2500-5000 (1371-2760)

.87-.83

ˇˇ

Black

2500-5000 (1371-2760)

.94-.91

Cotton Cloth

68 (20)

0.77

Dolomite Lime

68 (20)

0.41

Emery Corundum

176 (80)

0.86

Glass

ˇˇ

Convex D

212 (100)

0.8

ˇˇ

Convex D

600 (316)

0.8

ˇˇ

Convex D

932 (500)

0.76

ˇˇ

Nonex

212 (100)

0.82

ˇˇ

Nonex

600 (316)

0.82

ˇˇ

Nonex

932 (500)

0.78

ˇˇ

Smooth

32-200(0-93)

.92-.94

Granite

70 (21)

0.45

Gravel

100 (38)

0.28

Gypsum

68 (20)

.80-.90

Ice, Smooth

32 (0)

0.97

Ice, Rough

32 (0)

0.98

Lacquer

ˇˇ

Black

200 (93)

0.96

ˇˇ

Blue, on Al Foil

100 (38)

0.78

ˇˇ

Clear, on Al Foil (2 coats)

200 (93)

.08-.09

ˇˇ

Clear, on Bright Cu

200 (93)

0.66

ˇˇ

Clear, on Tarnished Cu

200 (93)

0.64

ˇˇ

Red, on Al Foil (2 coats)

100 (38)

.60-.74

ˇˇ

White

200 (93)

0.95

ˇˇ

White, on Al Foil (2 coats)

100 (38)

.69-.88

ˇˇ

Yellow, on Al Foil (2 coats)

100 (38)

.57-.79

Lime Mortar

100-500 (38-260)

.90-.92

Limestone

100 (38)

0.95

Marble, White

100 (38)

0.95

ˇˇ

Smooth, White

100 (38)

0.56

ˇˇ

Polished Grey

100 (38)

0.75

Mica

100 (38)

0.75

Oil on Nickel

ˇˇ

0.001 Film

72 (22)

0.27

ˇˇ

0.002 "

72 (22)

0.46

ˇˇ

0.005 "

72 (22)

0.72

ˇˇ

Thick "

72 (22)

0.82

Oil, Linseed

ˇˇ

On Al Foil, uncoated

250 (121)

0.09

ˇˇ

On Al Foil, 1 coat

250 (121)

0.56

ˇˇ

On Al Foil, 2 coats

250 (121)

0.51

ˇˇ

On Polished Iron, .001 Film

100 (38)

0.22

ˇˇ

On Polished Iron, .002 Film

100 (38)

0.45

ˇˇ

On Polished Iron, .004 Film

100 (38)

0.65

ˇˇ

On Polished Iron, Thick Film

100 (38)

0.83

Paints

ˇˇ

Blue, Cu2O3 

75 (24)

0.94

ˇˇ

Black, CuO

75 (24)

0.96

ˇˇ

Green, Cu2O3

75 (24)

0.92

ˇˇ

Red, Fe2O3

75 (24)

0.91

ˇˇ

White, Al2O3

75 (24)

0.94

ˇˇ

White, Y2O3

75 (24)

0.9

ˇˇ

White, ZnO

75 (24)

0.95

ˇˇ

White, MgCO3

75 (24) 

0.91

ˇˇ

White, ZrO2 

75 (24)

0.95

ˇˇ

White, ThO2 

75 (24)

0.9

ˇˇ

White, MgO

75 (24)

0.91

ˇˇ

White, PbCO3 

75 (24)

0.93

ˇˇ

Yellow, PbO

75 (24)

0.9

ˇˇ

Yellow, PbCrO4

75 (24) 

0.93

Paints, Aluminium

100 (38)

.27-.67

ˇˇ

10% Al

100 (38)

0.52

ˇˇ

26% Al

100 (38)

0.3

ˇˇ

Dow XP-310 

200 (93)

0.22

Paints, Bronze  

 Low 

 .34-.80

ˇˇ

Gum Varnish (2 coats)

70 (21)

0.53

ˇˇ

Gum Varnish (3 coats)

70 (21)

0.5

ˇˇ

Cellulose Binder (2 coats) 

70 (21) 

0.34

Paints, Oil

ˇˇ

All colours

200 (93)

 .92-.96

ˇˇ

Black

200 (93)

0.92

ˇˇ

Black Gloss 

70 (21) 

0.9

ˇˇ

Camouflage Green

125 (52)

0.85

ˇˇ

Flat Black 

 80 (27)

0.88

ˇˇ

Flat White

80 (27)

0.91

ˇˇ

Grey-Green 

70 (21) 

0.95

ˇˇ

Green

200 (93)

0.95

ˇˇ

Lamp Black

209 (98)

0.96

ˇˇ

Red  

200 (93)

0.95

ˇˇ

White 

200 (93)

0.94

Quartz, Rough, Fused

70 (21)

0.93

ˇˇ

Glass, 1.98 mm

540 (282) 

0.9

ˇˇ

Glass, 1.98 mm

1540 (838) 

0.41

ˇˇ

Glass, 6.88 mm

540 (282)

0.93

ˇˇ

Glass, 6.88 mm  

1540 (838)

0.47

ˇˇ

Opaque

570 (299)

0.92

ˇˇ

Opaque 

1540 (838)

0.68

Red Lead 

212 (100)

0.93

Rubber, Hard  

74 (23)

0.94

Rubber, Soft, Grey

76 (24) 

0.86

Sand

 68 (20)

0.76

Sandstone

100 (38)

0.67

Sandstone, Red

100 (38)

.60-.83

Sawdust 

68 (20)

0.75

Shale

68 (20)

0.69

Silica,Glazed

1832 (1000)

0.85

Silica, Unglazed

 2012 (1100)

0.75

Silicon Carbide

300-1200 (149-649)

.83-.96

Silk Cloth

68 (20)

0.78

Slate

 100 (38)

.67-.80

Snow, Fine Particles

20 (-7)

0.82

Snow, Granular

18 (-8)

0.89

Soil

ˇˇ

ˇˇ

ˇˇ

Surface

100 (38)

0.38

Black Loam

68 (20)

0.66

Plowed Field

 68 (20)

0.38

Soot

ˇˇ

ˇˇ

ˇˇ

ˇˇ

Acetylene 

75 (24)

0.97

Camphor

75 (24)

0.94

Candle

250 (121)

0.95

Coal  

68 (20)

0.95

Stonework

100 (38)

0.93

Water

100 (38)

0.67

Waterglass

68 (20)

0.96

Wood

 Low

.80-.90

Beech Planed

158 (70)

0.94

Oak, Planed

100 (38)

0.91

Spruce, Sanded

100 (38)

0.89

EMS Histogram of NonMetal  

Metal Emssivity table
Material(metal) Temp degF (degC) Emissivity

Alloys

ˇˇ

20-Ni, 24-CR, 55-FE, Oxid.

392 (200)

0.9

ˇˇ

20-Ni, 24-CR, 55-FE, Oxid.

932(500)

0.97

ˇˇ

60-Ni, 12-CR, 28-FE, Oxid.

518 (270)

0.89

ˇˇ

60-Ni, 12-CR, 28-FE, Oxid.

1040 (560)

0.82

ˇˇ

80-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidised

212 (100)

0.87

ˇˇ

80-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidised

1112 (600)

0.87

ˇˇ

80-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidised

2372 (1300)

0.89

Aluminium

ˇˇ

Unoxidised

77 (25)

0.02

ˇˇ

Unoxidised

212 (100)

0.03

ˇˇ

Unoxidised

932 (500)

0.06

ˇˇ

Oxidised

390 (199)

0.11

ˇˇ

Oxidised

1110 (599)

0.19

ˇˇ

Oxidised at 599degC(1110degF)

390 (199)

0.11

ˇˇ

Oxidised at 599degC(1110degF)

1110 (599)

0.19

ˇˇ

Heavily Oxidised

200 (93)

0.2

ˇˇ

Heavily Oxidised

940 (504)

0.31

ˇˇ

Highly Polished

212 (100)

0.09

ˇˇ

Roughly Polished

212 (100)

0.18

ˇˇ

Commercial Sheet

212 (100)

0.09

ˇˇ

Highly Polished Plate

440 (227)

0.04

ˇˇ

Highly Polished Plate

1070 (577)

0.06

ˇˇ

Bright Rolled Plate 

338 (170)  

0.04

ˇˇ

Bright Rolled Plate   

932 (500)  

0.05

ˇˇ

Alloy A3003, Oxidised  

600 (316)

0.4

ˇˇ

Alloy A3003, Oxidised   

900 (482)   

0.4

ˇˇ

Alloy 1100-0 

200-800 (93-427)  

0.05

ˇˇ

Alloy 24ST

75 (24) 

0.09

ˇˇ

Alloy 24ST, Polished

75 (24) 

0.09

ˇˇ

Alloy 75ST    

75 (24)  

0.11

ˇˇ

Alloy 75ST, Polished

75 (24)  

0.08

Bismuth, Bright

176 (80)

0.34

Bismuth, Unoxidised 

77 (25)  

0.05

Bismuth, Unoxidised

212 (100)  

0.06

Brass

ˇˇ

73% Cu, 27% Zn, Polished

476 (247)

0.03

ˇˇ

73% Cu, 27% Zn, Polished 

674 (357)

0.03

ˇˇ

62% Cu, 37% Zn, Polished 

494 (257)

0.03

ˇˇ

62% Cu, 37% Zn, Polished 

710 (377)

0.04

ˇˇ

83% Cu, 17% Zn, Polished

530 (277)

0.03

ˇˇ

Matte   

68 (20) 

0.07

ˇˇ

Burnished to Brown Colour

68 (20)

0.4

ˇˇ

Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidised

392 (200)  

0.61

ˇˇ

Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidised

752 (400)

0.6

ˇˇ

Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidised 

1112 (600)

0.61

ˇˇ

Unoxidised 

77 (25) 

0.04

ˇˇ

Unoxidised

212 (100) 

0.04

ˇˇ

Cadmium   

77 (25)

0.02

Carbon

ˇˇ

Lampblack  

77 (25) 

0.95

ˇˇ

Unoxidised

77 (25)

0.81

ˇˇ

Unoxidised    

212 (100) 

0.81

ˇˇ

Unoxidised    

932 (500)  

0.79

ˇˇ

Candle Soot    

250 (121)   

0.95

ˇˇ

Filament           

500 (260) 

0.95

ˇˇ

Graphitized   

212 (100) 

0.76

ˇˇ

Graphitized 

572 (300)   

0.75

ˇˇ

Graphitized

932 (500)     

0.71

Chromium

100 (38)

0.08

Chromium

1000 (538)

0.26

Chromium, Polished 

302 (150)

0.06

Cobalt, Unoxidised

932 (500) 

0.13

Cobalt, Unoxidised

1832 (1000)

0.23

Columbium, Unoxidised

1500 (816)   

0.19

Columbium, Unoxidised

2000 (1093)

0.24

Copper

ˇˇ

Cuprous Oxide

100 (38)

0.87

ˇˇ

Cuprous Oxide

500 (260)

0.83

ˇˇ

Cuprous Oxide

1000 (538)

0.77

ˇˇ

Black, Oxidised 

100 (38)

0.78

ˇˇ

Etched

100 (38)

0.09

ˇˇ

Matte 

100 (38)

0.22

ˇˇ

Roughly Polished

100 (38)

0.07

ˇˇ

Polished  

100 (38) 

0.03

ˇˇ

Highly Polished 

100 (38)  

0.02

ˇˇ

Rolled   

100 (38) 

0.64

ˇˇ

Rough       

100 (38) 

0.74

ˇˇ

Molten   

1000 (538)   

0.15

ˇˇ

Molten 

1970 (1077) 

0.16

ˇˇ

Molten 

2230 (1221) 

0.13

ˇˇ

Nickel Plated 

100-500 (38-260)

0.37

Dow Metal

0.4-600 (-18-316)

0.15

Gold

ˇˇ

Enamel

212 (100)

0.37

ˇˇ

Plate (.0001)

ˇˇ

ˇˇ

ˇˇ

Plate on .0005 Silver

200-750 (93-399)

.11-.14

ˇˇ

Plate on .0005 Nickel

200-750 (93-399)

 .07-.09

ˇˇ

Polished 

100-500 (38-260)

0.02

ˇˇ

Polished

1000-2000 (538-1093)

0.03

Haynes Alloy C,

ˇˇ

Oxidised

600-2000 (316-1093)

 .90-.96

Haynes Alloy 25,

ˇˇ

Oxidised 

600-2000 (316-1093)

.86-.89

Haynes Alloy X,

ˇˇ

Oxidised

600-2000 (316-1093)

.85-.88

Inconel Sheet 

1000 (538)

0.28

Inconel Sheet

1200 (649)

0.42

Inconel Sheet

1400 (760)

0.58

Inconel X, Polished 

75 (24)

0.19

Inconel B, Polished

75 (24)

0.21

Iron

ˇˇ

Oxidised

212 (100)  

0.74

ˇˇ

Oxidised 

930 (499) 

0.84

ˇˇ

Oxidised 

2190 (1199)

0.89

ˇˇ

Unoxidised  

212 (100)

0.05

ˇˇ

Red Rust

77 (25)

0.7

ˇˇ

Rusted   

77 (25)   

0.65

ˇˇ

Liquid 

2760-3220 (1516-1771)

.42-.45

Cast Iron

ˇˇ

Oxidised 

390 (199) 

0.64

ˇˇ

Oxidised

1110 (599)

0.78

ˇˇ

Unoxidised 

212 (100)

0.21

ˇˇ

Strong Oxidation

40 (104) 

0.95

ˇˇ

Strong Oxidation    

482 (250)

0.95

ˇˇ

Liquid 

2795 (1535)

0.29

Wrought Iron

ˇˇ

Dull 

77 (25)

0.94

ˇˇ

Dull    

660 (349)

0.94

ˇˇ

Smooth 

100 (38)

0.35

ˇˇ

Polished  

100 (38)

0.28

Lead

ˇˇ

Polished   

100-500 (38-260) 

.06-.08

ˇˇ

Rough   

100 (38)

0.43

ˇˇ

Oxidised 

100 (38)

0.43

ˇˇ

Oxidised at 1100

100 (38)

0.63